Modern history of Dubai

One of seven semi-autonomous provinces within the United Arab Emirates called Dubai has turned out to be a lifting force in the Middle East. Half a centaury ago Dubai was merely a focal point were a few thousand weather afflicted people somehow pushed and pulled their life in front roll uping picking day of the months, plunging for pearls, or sailing in wooden dhows to merchandise with Iran and India, Dubai was every bit hapless as any small town in Somalia or the Sudan. It was in 1971 the six provinces viz. Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, and Fujairah were united. And in1972 Ras Al-Khaimha joined the fusion, The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) were therefore officially established with declaration from H.H Sheikh Zayed that the UAE was established as an Independent State with the purpose of keeping Independence, stableness and co-operation. Dubai has a alone new exciting narrative of more than 50 old ages. The metropolis has emerged from a hapless fishing small town to the fastest turning metropolis in the universe. Traveling back to the history, instruction was given precedence in the different Emirates prior to the alliance. The Emirate of Dubai started educating it kids in 1954. A few facts about the simplest rudimentss of the state are work forces out figure adult male in the male to female ratio of the state. All university tuitions are paid for by the provinces. All books stationary and study stuffs provided free of charge to the pupil. If the pupil works and surveies, he/she is paid the wage for the occupation. From this, the concern and substructure success narrative of Dubai is non difficult to set up. ‘In the 1990s the three fastest turning metropoliss in the universe were Dublin, Las Vegas and Dubai. This has accelerated in the twenty-first century with 23 % population growing in Dubai in the past four old ages. The present existent estate roar is obvious plenty, peculiarly in the Jebel Ali-Dubai corridor. Today Dubai is the trading, concern and progressively fiscal hub of the Middle East, and for parts of Africa, the CIS and even the Indian subcontinent. It ‘s a huge backwoods for such a little topographic point ‘ ( Peter J. Cooper 2006 ) . In the 1970s oil wealth turned the UAE from a desert land to a modern city, and its swayers took a acute involvement in this development. Not for them the idling and corruptness that afflicted some states blest with oil wealth. While the oil wealth can be considered as one of the grounds for the growing of Dubai, there are besides other factors which could be considered as the cardinal factors in developing the metropolis province to be one of the best in the universe. In Dubai the late Sheikh Rashid developed his bantam emirate into a trading hub with the timely development of port substructure and a impulsive aspiration to put oil wealth back into the local economic system. Again this was aggressively at discrepancy with the policy of puting oil wealth abroad pursued in many states ( Peter J. Cooper 2006 ) . In a yet another move towards the success, Dubai was to go the concern and commercial hub of the Middle East. The Dubai Government and the taking local households invested even more into the physical substructure of the emirate and pursued more and more ambitious programs. ‘Surprisingly, to many perceivers, most of them succeeded, normally better than expected. Possibly it was because the Government could move resolutely, extinguishing red-tape and shortening the planning procedure to a simple ‘build it there ‘ determination by the CEO of Dubai Inc. as Sheikh Mohammed is frequently known ‘ ( Peter J. Cooper 2006 ) .The Modern History of Dubai in BriefWithin recorded history, Dubai started as a fishing small town likely some clip in the eighteenth century. It was a dependence of the sheikdom of Abu Dhabi and its dwellers were likely largely Bani Yas. In 1833 a group of about 800 people of the Al Bu Falasah subdivision of the Bani Yas seceded from Abu Dhabi and settled in Dubai. The leaders of the hegira, Ubaid bin Saeed and Maktoum bin Buti, remained joint leaders until the decease of the former in 1836. Maktoum bin Buti ruled until he died in 1852, set uping the dynasty of the Al Maktoum swayers in Dubai. Maktoum and most of his replacements normally followed a policy of good apprehension with the British governments in the Arabian Gulf ( DTCM 2005 ) . The existent history of Dubai begins in 1930 when colony started and began impulses in growing. At that clip neighbouring Sharjah was the chief trading Centre on the Trucial Coast, and for the remainder of the nineteenth century Dubai was merely a pearling small town with a merchandiser community. In fact there were three distinguishable colonies around the Creek and one of them called Bur Dubai was an Arab fishing small town on the western side. ‘The Dubai Creek provided one of the few safe anchorages along the southern seashore of the Arabian Gulf and served as a oasis for dhows despite its risky entryway. It was the starting and finishing point for pearling expeditions which, until the innovation of civilized pearls in the 1930s, formed the chief portion of the economic system after the 1820 British understanding prevented ship-building. The bend of the nineteenth century was considered the aureate age of the pearl industry. Three 1000 vass were employed in the trade, go for thing seaport in May and non returning until mid-September. Fishing, excessively, was an of import business. The Arabian Gulf ‘s warm and shallow Waterss supported a broad assortment of marine life and dhows were built on the foreshore of Dubai Creek ‘ ( DTCM 2005 ) . Dubai had sufficiently grown to pull colonists from the 3rd universe states viz. India, Iran and Baluchistan and so on. The bend of twentieth century saw Dubai going popular in the modern concern universe as safe and comfortable port. Dubai was really speedy to set up itself as a natural Eden for merchandisers as the installations for trade and free endeavors were great. ‘Meanwhile a booming Indian population was settling in Dubai and was peculiarly active in the stores and back streets of the souq. In fact a major factor in the growing of Dubai in the early post-war old ages was the re-export of gold to India. The cosmopolite ambiance and air of tolerance began to pull other aliens excessively. Some old ages subsequently the British made their Centre on the seashore, set uping a political bureau in 1954 ‘ ( DTCM 2005 ) . However, being the most developed country in the part did non merely supply for the equal substructure of Dubai. In malice of the repute Dubai had by the center of the twentieth century, the metropolis merely did non hold adequate roads, electricity, cloacas or telephone. The substructure edifice had started in Dubai even before the find of oil in 1969, but one time the gross from the oil began to flux in the edifice procedure gained impulse. ‘Trade remained the foundation of the metropolis ‘s wealth, whilst other undertakings were developed over the following 20 old ages. The airdrome became one of the busiest in the country, a big dry-dock composite was developed, the largest unreal port in the universe was built at Jebel Ali and Dubai Aluminum Company ( DUBAL ) , which has become one of the emirate ‘s largest non-oil related industry, came on-line in 1979 ‘ ( DTCM 2005 ) .Economic Sustainability through Tourism Industry‘In the 1980s and early 1990s, D ubai took a strategic determination to emerge as a major international-quality touristry finish. Investings in touristry substructure have paid off handsomely over the old ages. Dubai is now a metropolis that boasts matchless hotels, singular architecture and first amusement and featuring events ‘ ( Government f Dubai 2010 ) . Dubai has undergone modernisation and urbanisation since the 1960s when the country was described as one of waste coastlands mostly populated by mobile folks where the lone businesss were angling and pearling ( Clements, 1998 ) . The inside informations of Dubai ‘s tourer reachings right from the twelvemonth 1982 shows the fact that the metropolis has turned out to be one of the fastest turning finishs. Stability in economic, societal and political spheres is indispensable for touristry as terrible perturbation and volatility will discourage many tourers, investors and the industry of circuit operators and travel agents in bring forthing states. Dubai is portion of the UAE and conditions there are shaped by both federation and emirate authoritiess ( Joan C. Henderson 2006 ) . ‘Income from oil made Abu Dhabi the economic human dynamo and moneyman of the federation, supplying the smaller emirates with a criterion of life and grade of security that would otherwise be unavailable to them. The other emirates meanwhile provide Abu Dhabi with a demographic and geographic corporate strength that it would miss moving entirely ‘ ( EIU, 2005a, p. 5 ) . Dubai now began to move as the fiscal and commercial link of Gulf. The successful economic returns from the investing made on touristry in any state depend on the convenience of conveyance chiefly the entree through air. Dubai has do ne every thing to be an air conveyance hub. The place air hose company called emirates flies really long routes to about all the states and finishs of the universe. The company helps to convey tourer from the far off topographic points such as 15 hr mob to Sao Paulo, so 17 hr trips to Los angels and San Francisco, so the 14 hr flight to Sydney. It besides flies to most of the major metropoliss in Europe which provides Dubai with a batch of tourers. It flies to all the major metropoliss to Africa, Middle East and South Asia. Most significantly all this mobs are being highly profitable ( Jim Krane 2009 ) . A US $ 4.1 billion upgrading is afoot which will enable the airdrome to manage 40 million riders by 2010 and 100 million by 2025 ( Matthews, 2003 ) . Owning the largest Arab Airline Emirates has made it possible for the authorities of Dubai to win in developing and keeping stable inputs to its economic system. ‘Accounts of Dubai normally comment on the fondness of functionaries and developers for the pretentious, which is manifest in adjustment undertakings and attractive forces such as the US $ 5 billion Dubailand subject park. This will busy two billion square pess of land and take 15 old ages to finish under the auspices of the Dubai Tourism Development Company ( DTDC ) , an operating arm of the Dubai Development and Investment Authority ( DDIA ) . The declared intent is to do Dubai the ‘ultimate merriment and leisure Centre of the Middle East ‘ augmenting the supply of indoor attractive forces, which are independent of conditions and have all twelvemonth round e ntreaty to multiple markets, non least households with kids. In another illustration, Ski Dubai opened in 2005 within the Mall of the Emirates, reportedly the largest shopping infinite outside of the USA, and sells skiing and snow related chases in a ‘winter wonderland ‘ of sub-zero temperatures. The Crown Prince has said that merely 10 % of his visions for Dubai have been enacted, connoting other such ambitious ventures are likely ‘ ( Joan C. Henderson 2006 ) .An Unparallel WorkforceAnother ground for Dubai to be on the top in footings of infrastructural growing and development is its odd work force which gets the least part from the locale flock. ‘Numbers may be keys to the nature of Dubai ‘s work force and its economic system. Harmonizing to a 2005 authorities study, 97.13 per cent of Dubai ‘s entire labour force is foreign. The 2nd figure – largely likely unknown – is the per centum of those foreign workers who have come to see D ubai as place or would wish to do it their lasting place. Many of these exiles came to Dubai 15 to 20 old ages ago for a biennial stretch, liked it and stayed. The 3rd figure, besides from the authorities, is that merely five per cent of Emiratis are employed in the private sector ‘ ( Rod Monger 2007 ) . Almost every one in a company, get downing from the administrative degree to the last 1 on the lower degree labour, is imported and the positive facet of this phenomenon is the advantage Dubai gets on modeling its work force in a manner the metropolis needed with the lowest cost. At the same clip, the work force of Dubai is an enthusiastic batch, it turning in footings of trueness and committedness, in malice of the fact that they are treated with substandard installations for the cost control ( Jim Krane 2009 ) . This committedness had played an of import portion in doing the metropolis look one of the best finishs in the universe.Building LandmarksThe Chicago Beach Hotel, wh ich continuously recorded 80 % tenancy in back-to-back old ages, was a money doing machine in Dubai in 1990s. British technology house called W.S Atkins forwarded a proposal for another beachfront hotel to be named as the Jumeirah Beach Hotel. The company was given permission to continue with the undertaking which had to include a tower excessively on blessing. The company has hired an designer named Tom Wright who barely had any experience in edifice hotels. But every bit thoughtful as he is Tom new that the Sheikh needed something tall and iconic, discoursing on this construct he came up with a elephantine arch in the Islamic manner. Sketching it out, the drawings showed a immense canvas shaped edifice of 1300 pess tall, ‘jutting from the sea floor waves lapping at its base. The edifice leaned over the sea and a overseas telegram auto ran from shore to its extremum. The other entree came from an submarine tunnel. The construction was more Iconic than demanded but it was impo ssible. Wright straightened it up moved it from seafloor to a little adult male made island and traded the overseas telegram auto for helipad. A causeway span replaced the tunnel. They scaled back the tallness to a 1000 pess ‘ ( Jim Krane 2009 ) . The work began in 1994. When people thought of it as a new Beach Hotel, to the Sheikh the iconic edifice was much more than that. The tower was the symbol of his pride as an Arab. The edifice was to be ‘The Tower of the Arab'- Burj Al Arab. The budget was unlimited, even when Sheikh Mohammad knew that the hotel will ne'er pay for itself. He ne'er let that range of net income spasm the construct of Burj Li Arab. The thought of turn uping the edifice on a semisynthetic island was thought over once more by the Sheikh. He imagined it both on island and mainland. The Island was much more clip consuming and dearly-won where as there was nil unique about it is being located in the mainland. At last Sheikh opted for it to be in the Island ( Kim Krane 2009 ) . By 1999 Burj was a admiration around the universe. The sight of the blue and white tower is a mind-bending sight. Burj Al Arab turned out to be precisely what the tribal sheik Mohammad wanted an icon easy recognizable. Burj attrac ted quiet a batch of tourer who would pass extravagantly. Furthermore, a genius series of publicity followed like Andre Agassi and Roger Federer were found whaming fusillades on the helipad. Subsequently on Tiger Woods drove ball from the same topographic point. Tourism made up about a one-fourth of the metropolis ‘s economic system $ 8 billion in 2006. The Emirates purpose is to host about 15 million tourers a twelvemonth by 2015 ( Tim Krane 2009 ) . Though the economic scenario at big indicates that end may fall a small short of. The growing and success of Dubai is undeniable.Burj DubaiThere was already a manus full degree Fahrenheit edifice and a formidable substructure when the Burj Dubai undertaking came up. But the Wlter Landors believed in their ain guiding rule that â€Å" Merchandises are made in the mill, but trade names are made in the head. † At this point, the â€Å" merchandise † did n't be. Still they invited prospective bidders to see the trade na me. ‘They fashioned a multisensory presentation Centre, wrote books and designed web sites, had invitations etched, aromas con ­cocted, and parties thrown. A blaze Dubai Sun eventually rose on the first twenty-four hours for flat commands. There was no 2nd twenty-four hours. In less than 24 hours, every apartment-to-be was spoken for, sacking more than half a billion dollars. Even by the judicious criterions of the part, the stigmatization of the Burj Dubai was away to an exceeding start ‘ ( Landor 2008 ) . Emmar had it in head through the undertaking of Burj Dubai non merely the metropolis but the full part which is frequently neglected by the media, was traveling to be in the spotlight. There was a sophisticated additive attack that was extended into a comprehensive design manner to reenforce the trade name ‘s construct of pre-eminence. The word grade, typography, expression and feel, voice and imagination, and even color pallet reflect prestigiousness. In cont rast to the extraordinary golds and bright colourss prevalent in other Dubai premier develop-ments, Landor chose unostentatious tones repeating the edifices ‘ coatings of chromium steel steel and aluminium and put them off with a crisp green speech pattern inspired by the carpenters ‘ degrees found in the custodies of 100s of designers, applied scientists, and craftspeople constructing the tower ( Landor 2008 ) . The undertaking fundamentally was a multi-use development tower with a entire floor country of 460,000 square metres that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, amusement, shopping, leisure, and parking installations. The undertaking was designed to be the centrepiece of the big graduated table Burj Dubai Development that rises into the sky to an unprecedented tallness that exceeds 700 metres and that consists of more than 160 floors ( Ahmad Abdelrazaq 2008 ) . At the bend of the century no 1 truly had thought about such a building. Coming from a metropolis were the building industry was in the babyhood, the Burj Dubai undertaking has shown to the universe that tall edifice system development is ever straight related to the latest developments in stuff engineerings, structural technology theories, wind technology, seismal technology, computing machine engineerings, and building methods. The Burj Dubai undertaking capitalizes on promotions in these engineerings, progressing the development of ace tall edifices and the art of structural technology ( Ahmad Abdelrazaq 2008 ) .The Booming Growth Is Boosted.In the twelvemonth 2000, the Burj Al Arab was already being a host to the excited affluent tourer from around the universe. The Arab state was still overwhelmed in the astonishing aesthetics of the new building, the universe witnessed one of its toughest times. The economic system at big shuddered under heavy recessions. The money firing dotco m companies ran out of hard currency and went out of concern. Gulf foreign investors were keeping crumbling assets and in the West and around the universe. Adding to the economic back bead of the US, 19 Arabs crashed riders jets into the World Trade Centre, Pentagon and a field in Pennsylvania. This caused the US stock market a further down slide. The freshly elected president George W. Bush who found himself in the white house with disputed elections consoled the people America stating the terrorists might hold been successfully shaken the foundations of some of the mightiest constructions in the United provinces, but they would ne'er win in agitating the foundations of the mightiest state on the face of the Earth. Still the fact remains true that the state has non yet abated the fright and economic concern the September 11 onslaught has brought upon the state. The station September 11 United States was non an ideal topographic point for puting every bit far as the Arabs were conce rned. On the contrary, in Dubai, September 11 onslaught started the beginning of the old ages long economic roar. In fact the onslaught played a function in hiking this economic investing and viability in the gulf part. The fury toward Arabs in America increased and the state fought many wars after. The Arabs who had invested in US pulled back one million millions of dollars and direct back to their Home state. No 1 was interested and dared to put in state which was at war. Cash poured into Dubai, as the studies say before September 11 onslaughts every bit much as $ 25 billion a twelvemonth was put into US investing. Where as, the figures came down to merely $ 1.2 billion between 2001 and 2003. Most of the losing money has been made to play itself in Dubai where the potency was felt to be really high. Further, in 2001 Dubai ‘s urban country was a narrow strip along the sea shore. By 2008 Dubai was about every bit large as Huston. With adult male made Island lifting from the sea and buildings sprawling deep into the desert.The Two Fold Advantage of Dubai ‘s labour market OutsourcingDubai is non a metropolis with huge industrial substructure. This diverse multicultural metropolis has an international community of about 1.5 million people from about 170 states. This committed work force contributes to the turning economic system which chiefly derives from trade, fabrication and chiefly touristry. The scheme of labour market outsourcing helps th e 3rd universe states merely as it help their ain state. When many rich states claim to be in the concern of economic development, they seldom allow hapless states to play by the same regulations that richer states use to advance growing. Above all, traveling back to the beauty and singularity of Dubai, Dubai is a modern costal metropolis located at the bosom of the Middle East. It is capturing and sophisticated ; ‘the beautiful Burj Al Arab hotel presiding over the coastline of Jumeira beach is the universe ‘s lone hotel with a seven star evaluation. The Emirates Towers are one of the many constructions that remind us of the commercial assurance in a metropolis that expands at a singular rate. Standing 350 metres high, the office tower is the tallest edifice in the Middle East and Europe. Dubai besides hosts major international featuring events. The Dubai Desert Classic is a major halt on the Professional Golf Association circuit. The Dubai Open, an ATP tennis tourney, and the Dubai World Cup, the universe ‘s richest Equus caballus race, pull 1000s every twelvemonth ‘ ( Government of Dubai 2010 ) .MentionsAhmad Abdelrazaq ( 2008 ) Brief on Construction Planning of the Burj Dubai Project Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ CTBUH 8th universe Congress.Clements F. ( 1998 ) . United Arab Emirates. Clio Press: Oxford.DTCM ( 2005 ) , Dubai-Modern History ; Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing.EIU. 2005a. United Arab Emirates Country Profile 2005. The Economist Intelligence Unit: London.Government of Dubai ( 2010 ) Dubai History ; The official Portal of Dubai Government hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dubai.ae/en.portal? subject, Article_000240,0, & A ; _nfpb=true & A ; _pageLabel=homeJoan C. Henderson ( 2006 ) Tourism in Dubai: Get the better ofing Barriers Destination Development Nanyang Business School, Nanyang technological University. Singapore.Peter J. Cooper ( 2006 ) , Why Dubai? : Anatomy of a Business Success narrative. AME Info ; the Ultimate Middle East Business resource.Jim Krane ( 2009 ) The Story of the universe ‘s Fastest City: Atlantic ISBN 9781848870086 Landor ( 2008 ) Burj Dubai the Building of an Icon ; Landor Associates, April 2008.Mathews N. 2003. Expansion flin g: airdromes in the Middle East will be constructing new tracks and terminuss through 2015. Aviation Week and Space Technology 159 ( 22 ) : 42.Rod Monger ( 2007 ) Sculpting Dubai ‘s Workforce ; Special to Gulf News hypertext transfer protocol: //gulfnews.com/business/features/sculpting-dubai-s-workforce-1.171750

Summary of Becoming Human’s Interactive Documentary

This is a documentary by Donald C. Johanson, a paleoanthropologist. It discusses about the evidences that prove where humans did originate. The story starts in Africa where our ancestors are believed to have first stood up and eventually continued to evolve and spread out across the globe.Insights of our ancestors In Johanson’s trip to Hadar Ethiopia in 1973, he made a discovery that firmly placed this geographical location as one of the most significant hominoid fossil sites in the world.He discovered bones of a hominid, which they called Lucy. Johanson called her Lucy because when her fossils were being examined, the song â€Å"Lucy† of the Beatles was playing on the background. He suspected it to be a female because of the skeleton’s petite stature. This discovery opened a major opportunity for the study of human origin. Kaye Reed, a paleoecologist, said that Hadar Ethiopia was a place full of trees three million years ago so it was a good place for animals to live in, more importantly there was enough food for hominids to eat.In line with this, the long arms of Lucy helped her to climb trees and get away from these predators and survive. There were also fossils in Saddaman, which were probably Lucy’s species, whose foot prints proved them to be hominids for they are bipedal. The brain size and body size of the fossils also prove that they are hominids. The Homo neanderthalensis are closely related to Homo sapiens, the genus for modern humans.One paleoanthropologist thinks that Homo sapiens succeeded to survive and Neanderthals went on being extinct without contributing to the modern human gene but another one thinks that modern humans have Neanderthal genes. The culture of man’s ancestors can be seen in Australia where human expression is visible through writings. It was also conducive for aboriginal artists to paint on. Reference: Institute of Human Origin (2008). Becoming Human. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http://www. b ecominghuman. org/node/interactive-docume

Explaining a Technical Concept or Management Issue Essay

Explaining a Technical Concept or Management Issue - Essay Example Some of them note that our target include home owners and business owners, answers that are all too general to define our real target customers. Being an interior design company that has recently been established, it is important that our marketers exactly know who to target during market campaigns and in all marketing activities. Having been in the market for a relatively short duration, the company needs to establish a niche for itself especially if it has to succeed in the competitive household goods market. It is for this reason that I saw the need to prepare this report; to discuss what target marketing is and to recommend how we can apply it in the business. Definition of Target Marketing Target marketing, micro-marketing or niche marketing involves portioning a market into segments and concentrating marketing efforts on a few main segments or just one segment according to Kurtz (6). Target marketing does not mean that the business excludes individuals who do not fit into the e stablished criteria from purchasing the business products. A target market comprises a group of customers that an organization has decided to concentrate its marketing efforts on and therefore its products towards. ... Demographic segmentation on the other hand involves segmenting the market according to age, gender, education, stage in life, income or other demographic features. Psychographic segmentation on its part involves segmenting the market based on individuals’ lifestyles, values, and attitudes. While there are several other factors that can be used in segmenting a market, the aforementioned factors are most commonly considered. Target marketing is different from general marketing in which case the entire market is targeted by a business in its marketing endeavors (Cohen 27). As an example, Hewlett-Packard, the multinational company that makes electronic devices and computers targets its all-in-one (fax, scan, print) machines at segments of the home office market. The company on the other hand targets more expensive single function units at larger organizations. Importance of Target or Niche Marketing Establishing a well-defined target market is key to an organization’s marke ting strategy according to Pinson and Jinnett (52). Better stated, target marketing can be key to an organization’s success. When an organization engages in target marketing, pricing, promotion, distribution of its products becomes easier and more effective in terms of cost. This it does by focusing all the marketing activities that the business engages in. When an organization markets its products or services to a general market hoping to get a bigger slice of the market, it is as good as firing 10 bullets randomly in different directions when hunting game. This is dangerous and extremely expensive. On the other hand, when target marketing is applied, the situation is analogous to aiming a single mark which is cost effective and potentially gainful.

Written reflective commentary on group work Assignment

Written reflective commentary on group work - Assignment Example Body I would say this assignment has strengthened my communication abilities within a group setting such as this. It becomes very important when you are working as part of a team to be able to effectively and clearly communicate what it is that you need the other person to understand. Information exchange concerning who will be doing what and devising a schedule and determining who will lead the group are key periods when your communication ability becomes evident. Our group chose to meet weekly to discuss and update each other on what is going on with our part of the task. We had four meetings that the group was able to attend and the final meeting we had to change plans and meet at my flat due to the library being full. We did not have any issues with group members being present and on time. Our group did not find it necessary to have a group leader as we all did our own parts and took equal initiative. Eaxh group member completed their part successfully. We also used email to corr espond and exchanged telephone numbers. Flexibility and patience are elements of a successful group task, both of which I was able to use within the group. I was able to use flexibility when the library was closed. Because my group was on task it wasn’t necessary that I had a great deal of patience.... In dealing with members not contributing there is no reason for me to get angry as I know that I cannot influence the contribution of another. It is best in this case to contact them several times after which if they are still not contributing then let the instructor know and be certain that I have completed my own part to the group task. We did not have any issues with attendance or anyone being tardy for any meetings on the group work. Interpersonal abilities and skills are the main skills one needs to work within a group setting in completing a task. Usually before doing a group presentation you will want to find out who your audience will be. Finding out what they already know about your subject, what their attitude is and what their interest level is in your topic can help you make a more successful presentation. Knowing the size of the audience and what type of people are in is will also help. Are these business members of the community? Are they students? Are they being forced through go to your presentation for job reasons? Are they truly there on their own because they have a deep interest in what you have to say? We also would like a way to receive feedback after we’ve done our presentation/ power point and in this case we will get from the instructor. In forming groups there are different steps and stages to make a successful group that can communicate effectively together. Forming the group is when we are all assigned the group and initially noticing who else is in our group. Storming is when the ground rules get set, roles are clarified, purposes and responsibilities of each individual decided. Norming is when the

Globalization In Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization In Education - Essay Example United States of America enjoys a very high rate of literacy. This is supported by effective education system and the global nature of incumbent. This makes it easy for the locals as well as the foreigners who turn to States for educational purpose. Overall the beneficiary of this situation is the educational sector and the economy of the nation. The overall global nature of the world is contributing to the globalization of education in its own right. Since the fast paced world has made it easy for students and communities to travel between places, as a result education sector has benefited from it equally. In present day, the American schools and colleges depict a scene that was not common before. Multi ethnic background holders are part of every class and education is imparted to them without any subjugation and discrimination. The traces of educational sector globalization and efforts made towards its promotion and implementation in the American educational system can be traced to the early days of 19th century. The overall attempt was inspired by European efforts. The global nature of education system in United States has made the overall curriculum more dynamic and challenging for the students at the same time. However this challenge makes it more vibrant and compatible for the challenges of 21st century. Globalization of education also puts more emphasis on seeking of education and enrolling the children into the schools and colleges. American education system’s long run secret can possibly be attributed to the policies adopted and the globalization inducted in the system. As a result of globalized nature of education, new technology is an integral part of the overall education system. Classes are equipped with devices and machinery that were never imagined. This has made the process of learning more interesting. As a result the students have become more responsive at the same time. As a consequence the scope of available

Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Services - Essay Example Limited equity financing is used by most of the small or growth stage businesses. Whereas in debt financing, funds pour in from different quarters like from friends, relatives, etc. Venture capitalists are the most common source of equity funding. Venture capitalists may be institutional risk takers, financial institutions, wealthy persons, etc. and most of them specialize in industries. Venture capitalists are risk takers and show interest only in three to five year old companies that result in more than average profits. These venture capitalists are called as investment gurus whose interest lies in those companies that have major regional and national concerns. Commercial finance companies, financial institutions, banks, savings and loans, Lloyds Bank small business, etc. are some of the sources for debt financing. Because of their positive impact on the whole economy local and state government encourage the growth of the small companies. In debt financing additional funds comes from friends, family, relatives, and industry colleagues, etc when capital investment is smaller. Generally banks formed as a major source for loans for the establishment of small businesses. Banks don't offer long term loans to small firms instead they grant short term loans for machinery and equipment, they also offer demand loans to small firms that reduces the risk of leveraging the funds available. The Income Statement presents the summary of the income earned and the expenses incurred during a financial year. Position statement presents the financial position of the business at the end of the year. b) Financing One of the frequent reasons of business failure is poor management and insufficient and poor management of financing comes second1. For starting or relocating or expanding a business sufficient capital is required. Having good financing is not enough in attaining profits; proper knowledge and planning are required to manage it well. These help in strengthening the management of financing and avoid common mistakes like miscalculating or underestimating the cost. The Income Statement presents the summary of the income earned and the expenses incurred during a financial year. Position statement presents the financial position of the business at the end of the year. By Financial Statements, we mean two statements - (i) Profit and loss A/c or Income Statement, and (ii) Balance Sheet or Position Statements. These are prepared at the end of a given period of time. They are indicators of profitability and financial soundness of the business concern. Thus, analysis of Financial Statement means establishing meaningful relationship between various items of the two financial statements, i.e., income statement and position statement. Applying for a loan Loan application should be well written, so that the reader could get a clear picture of what your plans are. The presentation should be of the best quality in the initial loan proposal and application. Only industry specific details should be included so that reader can easily understand. Earning capacity or profitability The overall objective of a business is to earn a satisfactory return on the funds invested in it. Financial analysis helps in ascertaining whether adequate profits are being earned on the capital invested in the

Three benefits of making change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three benefits of making change - Essay Example Change is not necessarily well-received in most situations of life. In fact, resistance to change is one of the most fundamental behaviors embedded in human nature. We dislike change because of our concerns and insecurities associated with the unpredictable circumstances. However, many successful people attribute their success to change (Chibukhchyan). Discomfort and lack of ease is commonly experienced in the initial stages of embracing a change because while doing so, an individual essentially comes out of his/her comfort zone, but as he/she starts to get used to the changing circumstances and comes to terms with it, he/she happens to realize and discover such talents and opportunities that might never have become evident otherwise. Some changes are evitable while others are not. Even if an individual tends to avoid changes, there is hardly anything he/she can do about the inevitable changes. One such change is the process of aging and the changes it causes in the physical as well as biological features of an individual. For example, the colorful hair becomes dull and grey as an individual ages. Many people, particularly men even experience hair loss as they age. However, if people embrace this change and try to take the necessary measures to adjust and adapt to it, they can bring a very positive change in their lives. For example, an individual can do hair enhancement to feel better and combat the risks of hair damage and hair fall with aging. â€Å"Unlike surgical and cosmetic interventions that are used to update other physical features (e.g., lasers, face lifts, tummy tucks, teeth implants), enhancements to our hair are much less radical, and yet they can make a huge difference in how we feel about our agi ng appearance† (Diller). It takes willpower, hard work, and self-discipline to change (Losee), but an emotional relationship with someone worthy and positively influential is the catalyst for change. Many people suffering from diseases need to bring

Analyzing assignment (e.g. advertisement, speech, etc)

Analyzing (e.g. advertisement, speech, etc) - Assignment Example One poet Nick Toczek welcomes the exposure that comes with the use of poetry in advertising and has himself written poetry for advertising use by Prudential, â€Å"Our kids, who've grown and flown the nest, / Now only phone us to request / More cash on loan, their tone depressed† (Hickman 1) The use of poetry in advertising is an approach that allows artistic expression, and reaches a large audience. It is used by advertisers because it is pleasant and easily remembered. It is embraced by many poets and artists because it allows them to promote their work to a much larger audience. As some people say, life is poetry it is rhyme, cadence, and meter. Within reason one could see examples of poetry in every aspect of life, some rough examples, harsh and grating and in other details soft, firm, loving. However, to answer the question directly the reason advertisers use poetry is because it is memorable, expressive and above all human. Hickman, L. (2009). The rise of poetry in adver tising. guardian.co.uk, (p 1), Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2009/dec/02/rise-poetry-in-advertising Zinkhan, George. (1994). From the editor: poetry in advertising. M.E.

Nationalisation of banks in India Research Proposal

Nationalisation of banks in India - Research Proposal Example In order to regulate potentiality of banking institutions, many nations have nationalized the banks in their country. In India, this nationalization has made it possible to establish bank branches throughout the nation and expansion of banking services to several areas of development. Moreover, this nationalization of banks had been instrumental in mobilizing deposits from citizens. Consequently, there had been a significant growth in deposits and advances. As such, most of the banks have expanded their branches and mobilized deposits (Bisht, Mishra and Belwal). The present banking system in India did not develop overnight. It was the result of the expansion – reorganization process and the consolidation of resources. This process had developed gradually over a period of time. There were three important phases in the development of the extant banking system, namely, the pre – nationalization phase, the post – nationalization phase and the post – liberalization phase. All these phases include the development of the market through innovative measures and diversified expansion into financial services. The expansion process has not stopped with this. Increased Internet use had added a fourth dimension to the banking system. The Internet has completely changed the concepts and traditional look of the banking system. The traditional banking system has been transformed due to electronic cash deposits and withdrawals. The electronic delivery channels have provided far more choices to customers and large industries (Bisht , Mishra and Belwal). In the past, the banking system was solely devoted to its economic objectives. However, this perception changed, subsequent to the nationalization of banks. The nationalized banks have a social responsibility and they have to fulfill social objectives (Bisht, Mishra and Belwal). The nationalization of banks commenced in the year 1969. In the first phase,

Issues Concerning African Americans and Puerto Ricans Essay Example for Free

Issues Concerning African Americans and Puerto Ricans Essay There are four major ethnic, cultural and racial groups present in the United States today. These groups which compose the nation’s population are the African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic and Native Americans or the Non-Hispanic Whites. From the dawn of time, issues of racial profiling have haunted the American Society, although United States of America is said to be the birthplace of patriotism unity and believed to be a nation that will adhere to intense dedication to freedom, justice and equality (Feagin, 1978). The vast diversity of the American population which characterizes the nation’s inhabitants has often resulted to disorder and chaos, as discrimination exists across the nation. Although the government has taken some actions and laws have been made and are implemented, they are not enough to counteract the racism problem at hand which is deeply rooted in the American tradition, as a longer time may deemed necessary before the public become accustomed to a racial free society. If the authorities are keen on abolishing and eliminate racial discrimination, it then important that they see to it that the public would have a better understanding and background of the different ethnic and minority groups. Awareness to their values, customs and traditions are small little steps that may eventually lead to these groups coexistence. For this reason, the paper discusses two of the major groups that play important roles in shaping the United States social structure, the African Americans and the Puerto Ricans. The emergence of Africans Americans or the black Americans population, which are United States residents but with blood lineage from the black racial group of Africa, in the United States can be traced back way before 1800’s as majority of black Americans have their descendants in the United States. While White Americans came to the United States voluntarily, their Black counterparts were not given a choice as majority of the black population came in America as slaves (Feagin, 1978). It is noting to know that among the different ethnics group that come and settled in the United States, African Americans are the only group which have come not in accordance with their own free will. They were used as servants in large agricultural fields. It was believed that the first African American that had entered the borders of the United States settled in Jamestown. Their slavery and the hard labors they performed served as their free passage to the United States as they are compared to English poor people. However during the great American Civil War, by virtue of the proclamation signed by President Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans became free. But then the post war era, the restoration period, calls for the segregation of blacks from the whites and deteriorates what was supposed to be period of new beginning for the blacks.. In order to free themselves of troubles and violence brought by discrimination, most Black Americans followed the law which dictates racial segregation. However, as violence related to racial discrimination became widespread, calls for abolishing the racial profiling laws also intensify as growing African American heritage and intellect became more evident. The era of civil rights movement which aimed to promote camaraderie and embed equality by eliminating racial discrimination help largely to the Black Americans cause of seeking dignity for their culture and race. Thus, when the Black Power Propaganda was formed a more complex ideology was born as African American seeks for moral dignity, fairness, justice and freedom from white oppression. Today, free from slavery and contributing vastly to economics and politics and enjoying a legal status, Black Americans have enjoyed a great deal of success as they experienced and enjoyed greater rights, far from what were their ancestors have before. However, complete satisfaction and recognition of their rights will have to wait for another few years as white people and custom is still the dominant culture in the United States. The radical change, however, which started from the nineteenth century are strong indications and evidence of the emerging power the African Americans are obtaining. African Americans now have greater access top higher educations and growth in employment as blue and white collar workers are also evident. Disparity between the poverty of black and people have also reduced and many black Americans now have there owned home. However, the sad part is although continuous improvements are achieved each day, black Americans are still at disadvantage with the white people. It can be observed in issues regarding health insurances and benefits and institutional racism, which is very much present especially in middle school’s class. In fact, a report in Rutherford country showed that massive complaints of racial discriminations are filed as parents are alarmed with the growing numbers of black students that are suspended. Compare to their white counterparts, black students continue to be suspended at much higher rates, raising the question of racial discrimination in imposing discipline among the students. In 2006 for instance, 14. 4 % of black students were suspended in the district, which causes a handful of students to lag behind their studies (Scott, 2007). On the other hand rate of suspension for white students stand at 6. 6% (Scott, 2007). Figures and numbers indicate that the rates at which black students are suspended are more than double of the rate at which whites are. This then has poses an alarmed to the black population as their children are put into a disadvantage situation. Just like the African Americans, Puerto Ricans suffer a great deal of oppression and poverty as they occupy the bottom most part of the United States’ social hierarchy for years (Feagin, 1978). They are considered as one of the world’s poorest groups, however, Puerto Rico posses a great link to the Caribbean world and the developing counties across the globe, which the United States social failed to utilize for their own advantage as it failed to realize its importance to the nation. The emergence of the Puerto Rican Ethnic group dates back to the time when the island which was then named as Borinquen, was a colony under the rule of Spain. For 400 years, Spain uses it as a strategic base. The island was a home for different tribes of Taino, however as the Spanish settle with in the island, population of the Indian tribes gradually diminished as generations passed by. Disappearance was due to the fact that Spain used them for forced labor in mines -which causes natives to acquire disease, massive exterminations and racial intermingling and merging. During that time, where in slavery was widespread, large number of African Americans was brought to Puerto to replace the natives as workers. Thus, the present genetic component of a modern Puerto Rican is a mix of Spanish, native Indians and African American. In 1898, as Spain succumb to American power during the Spanish-American War it surrendered Puerto Rico to the United States. Americans deemed Puerto Ricans as ignorant and as result, self governing was denied to them and Puerto Rico become entirely dependent to the US government. Puerto Ricans were left confused politically and culturally as they desperately ask matters about the issue of their citizenship. US Congress however, denied them of acquiring US citizenship relating that Puerto Ricans and Americans should not be treated as equal and they are inferior compare to them. But a year before the US plunged into the World War I, it granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship. With the booming population and stagnant economics, Puerto Rico became one of the poorest countries around the globe in the 1940’s. In an effort to escape the harsh reality of life in the island, many of the population migrated to the United States, bringing with them the hope and the promise of an American Dream. However, the situation would not be different, as immigrants would fail to land jobs and are exploited. Furthermore, housings were prioritized for Native Americans. Language handicapped was also a barrier, which leads to them being discriminated. Puerto Ricans are also identified with Catholicism and Christianity which is teaching based from Spanish colonial times, and since the structure of the American church is Protestant, conflicts often arise. Businessmen of Puerto Rico descends, would often complain of the difficulty in getting loans. With automation starting to engulf the business and industrial sections, Puerto Ricans further sink to the bottom of the social pyramid as they become more isolated, like the black people. There were no opportunities that were presented for them as they lack the skills to land jobs. But then came the era of being unrest, the emergence of Civil Rights Movement and Anti-Poverty Groups in the 1960’s helped Puerto Ricans stimulate and assimilate into the American society, culture and politics (Nash, 2000). The movement and program covers every Puerto Rican and led to astounding solutions to the problems that result from ethnics and cultural differences and inconsistencies which are related to the failure to be in accordance with the dominant American Culture. The emergence of theses groups had opened the eyes of the Puerto Rican public to seek for fair and just treatment and uphold their dignity. Although they have been successful in appealing for changes, after decades of struggling for political representation, culture and customs respect and their placed into the American Society, Puerto Ricans are today just slowly beginning to achieve and realize the progress and results. Whether it is questions about citizenship status, welfare and housing programs, bilingual and multi-cultural education or electoral power, Puerto Ricans had stood the test of time and has proven it is capable of complex assimilation to the dominant American society. However for Puerto Ricans and other ethnic minorities and racial group in America, being subordinate to the dominant American culture is a continued struggle as still they are treated unjustly. References Feagin. J. (1978) Racial and Ethnic Relations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. p. 212, p. 298 Scott, B. (2007). Daily Race Colors Suspensions. News Journal Murfreesboro. Nash, K. (2000). Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power. Blackwell Publishers.

The Role Of The Modern Constrction Project Manager Construction Essay

The Role Of The Modern Constrction Project Manager Construction Essay Construction project manager is the responsible person to handle overall construction of projects from start to end, successfully complete the project within on Time, Cost, and Quality. As the educational Qualifications, They are degree holders or having relevant equivalent qualifications in the field of civil engineering, construction management or construction sciences. There are critical responsibilities relevant to the construction project manager roles; hence he should mange the project in a proper way to achieve the project goals. A Construction project is a temporary endeavor to create an inimitable product or service. Construction Projects generally include constraints and risks concerning cost, schedule or performance outcome. This management process specially consists of some specific functions such as, Project Initiation, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Managing of Resources for completion of the project successfully within a scheduled time, cost and quality. There are nine project management processes Such as, Scope Management, Schedule Management, Budget Management, Quality Management, Team Management, Stakeholder Management, Information Management, Risk management, Contract Management. Cost controlling system is a critical activity of the cost management process, to run the project without commercial backlog. (Refer to Chat 1.02) Final inspection should carry out by the Construction Project Manager after completion of constructions of the project. He must re-check all approval for quality of work, testing and commissioning reports, scope verification etc. INTRODUCTION As a spectacular construction project manager who is broadly discuses within this report about Modern Construction Project Management Process for the purpose of make understand of client. Describing identified critical phases of management process how to manage and how to obtain a maximum turnover of the project through proper management methods. As well as to archive the project goals in terms of time, Quality, Cost, Safety. Hence in this study will be discussed some significant project management key measures, such as role of the modern construction project manager, effective modern project management process and how to contribute to improve the time, quality and cost to construction project. MAIN BODY Who is the construction project manager? Construction project manager is the responsible person to handle overall construction of projects from start to end. His duty will be act as the representative of the client, as well as complete contribution for the successful initiation, planning, execution and close-out of a project. Construction project managers are engaged with particular management activities for managing construction projects in a proper way, hence they have the specialized knowledge for project planning, directing, coordinating and budgeting process. As examples for construction projects; Commercial buildings, Industrial buildings, Schools hospitals, Roads bridges, Water treatment plants, and also specialized civil engineering works, etc; Educational Background of the Construction Project Manager Generally they are degree holders or having relevant equivalent qualifications in the field of civil engineering, construction management or construction sciences. Also some of them are promoted as construction managers from supervisory level having sufficient experience. Other added qualifications will be; ability of having flexibility, making clear decisions for managing and resolving problems, good understanding about engineering drawings and very good knowledge of operating computer software. And also talented with good communication skills, leadership skills to have a good relationship with relevant parties, The Construction Project Managers Responsibilities: There are critical responsibilities relevant to the construction project manager roles; hence he should mange the project in a proper way to achieve the project goals. His responsibilities and duties in brief are as follows; Study the condition of construction site and prepare a feasibility study report to get understanding about what type of land required for the project. Prepare master program coordinate with the planner and discuss with the employer. Execute as a key role in project planning, budgeting, and identification of resources required. Organize the construction team, developing the objectives, goals of each and allocate individual responsibilities. Managing project cash-flow and minimizing exposures and risks in the project. Manage/ monitor the construction activity progress in line with the project schedule. Keep well communication with all contractors. And also co-ordinate with all parties whom are involved in the project. Advising the employer related with finance and cost controlling. Monitoring strictly budgetary guidelines, quality and safety standards. Periodic inspections of construction sites. Heading of project kick off meetings and periodic progress meetings as required Obtaining of all necessary permits and licenses as per the project requirements. Preparations for handing over process in respect to the agreed contract master Program. In addition, there are some specific qualitative attributes in project management roles; ability to plan and organize a team effort, well client management and kindness building aptitude, talent to motivate, guide and increase morale of the teams, successful time management and logical decision-making skill, ability to handle work force, physical mental fitness and physically powerful focus on quality etc. What is a Construction Project? A Construction project is a temporary endeavor to create an inimitable product or service. Construction Projects generally include constraints and risks concerning cost, schedule or performance outcome. Every project has a start and an end. The end of a project is defined by the successful completion of the product or service. There are specific traits that all projects have in common. The most distinguishing feature is a specific time frame. Every project must have a clear, definitive objective and activity tasks, such as planning, organizing, Control and close-out tasks, and resource and project executions Key Characteristics of Projects are: Unique solution. Project boundaries. One-time effort, usually requiring specified resources. Specified start and Project Milestones. Concerning about project completion period. What is the Construction Project Management? According to the PM4DEV Project Management for Development Organizations, noted as; Project management is a process of leading a team of capable people in planning and implementing a series of related activities that need to be accomplished on a specific date with a limited budget. Because of its nature, coordinating all these activities requires a process approach. This management process specially consists of some specific functions such as, Project Initiation, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Managing of Resources for completion of the project successfully within a scheduled time, cost and quality. General functions of construction project management usually include the following Project objectives and plans; (including definition of scope, scheduling, budgeting, setting performance requirements) Maximizing resource efficiency of labor, materials and equipment through a proper management. Implementing various operations through proper coordination and monitoring of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction for the entire process. Developing effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts Particularly project manager is the overall responsible person to implement the construction project management process in a proper way. Hence, Project Manager has the ultimate responsibility such as, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and successful completion of the project. Furthermore, explaining about project management process by below given chart will shows clearly. (Refer to Figure 2-1) Figure 2-1:Â   Basic Ingredients in Project Management Specific Benefits of the Construction Project Management Process There are specific benefits of Construction Project Management process, these benefits are very essential for the project success. Preferable efficiency in delivering services Improved/Increased/Enhanced customer satisfaction Enhanced effectiveness in delivering services Improved growth and development within your team Greater standing and competitive edge Opportunities to expand your services Better Flexibility Increased risk assessment, Quality Quantity However when executing the essential project management strategies; Construction project managers intent will focus to reach of the desired project goal. Essential Factors of Project Management Process Generally Construction projects have specific factors to contribute of project success or project fail. Each factor directly affect with other factors in order to archive the project objectives. Those are as follows; Project Team and Team Motivation. Project Manager. Project. Planning. Avoiding Scope Creep. Risk Management. Project Closure. Project Management Process According to the PM4DEV, its Project Management for Development Organizations as noted in the article, There are nine particular management processes under Construction project management, and to implement in a proper way by using specialized knowledge of the Project Manager. The nine project management processes are: Scope Management Schedule Management Budget Management Quality Management Team Management Stakeholder Management Information Management Risk management Contract Management Above management process have divided into two groups: Enabling processes Facilitating processes This management process phases are interrelated with entire project life cycle. Below given graphic chat will shows about interrelationship with management process and project lifecycle. Enabling Process (Scope, Schedule, Budget, Quality Management) Project Life Cycle (Initiation, Planning, execution, Controlling Monitoring, Close-out) Facilitating processes (Team, Stakeholder, Information, Risk management Contract Management) Figure 4.1 Project Management Processes and Phases Enabling Processes In the construction management process, enabling process include with project scope, schedule, budget and quality. Hence, these should enable to control some specific objectives of the project for the project success. Scope Management In the construction project management process; Scope management is a very critical for project success. Also project scope is the way to illustrate the boundaries of the project. Hence, Project Manager should aware and concerning the project scope. As a result of this, Project Manager is able to co-ordinate with designers to get update and control the project scope and also acknowledge of project team. Further about scope management by below given graphic chart will explain it briefly; Schedule Management Schedule Management is the development of a project schedule that includes all project activities, hence the Project Manager has to stick on starting and completion dates of each trade packages as programmed, and management team also has to monitor progress of construction and forecast the completion dates accordingly. If completion dates are not matching the master program, control process is required. As an example; assumed some work element unable to complete as programmed due to less progressing or late in starting. If so, it will affect to other work sections too, and delay occurs accordingly. Therefore, Project Manager should advice to allocate additional resources to accelerate the delayed work section to complete it as pre- programmed. Budget Management Budget Management process is required to ensure the project is completed within the estimated budget. Hence, this is the vital responsibility of the Construction Project Manager to handle and complete the project within allocated budget of the project. As well as monitor and control the cost of project at both pre post contract stages, also these are important parts of the management process. Quality Management Quality Management is the process to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs of the beneficiaries. Hence, Project Manager has to monitor and control the quality of work and develop the quality plan. Also he has to allocate a experienced project coordinator to advice guide the contractor to maintain the quality of work. Each work element should be approved by a qualified quality controller or an Engineer prior to handover. Also he has to check the quality of materials and should be strict to the contractor to use standard materials for construction as specified in drawings and specifications to maintain the quality of work. Hence all materials should be approved by a quality controlling team prior to use for construction. Some of the most important quality tools are; Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle, Fishbone Diagram, Pareto Chart, Scatter Diagram, Decision Matrix, Flowchart, Stratification, Control Chart, Histogram, Brainstorming, Tree Diagram, etc; Facilitating processes This process includes with some specific functions such as, Team, stakeholder, information, risk, and contract management, these are facilitating to assist and make possible to achieve its objectives. Team Management Team management is a technique, processes and tools for organizing and coordinating a group of individuals working towards a common goal, there are some critical factors for success of the team management process, identify the roles responsibilities, reporting relationships and getting the people whom will be allocated to the project and team improvement. As well as team evaluation is very important part to identify the staff performances and their skill levels and required further development. Stakeholder Management Stakeholder Management include Stakeholder identify, analysis, planning and communication. Project Stakeholders are very important people for the project success. Hence, Project Manager has to manage them in a proper way, because of all of them having interested to the project success. As example Donors, Beneficiaries, Local Government Organizations Partners or Organizations are the Stakeholders of a Construction Project. Also, managing them and keeping good relationship in between stakeholders and project. Risk Management Identification of possible risks in advance is an important and major responsibility of a Project Manager. The project management team will be able to take necessary actions to avoid or minimize the risks by identifying them early. Safety of work, Economic matters, Weather conditions, political matters, etc; also includes in risk management. Hence, it is important to take required insurance for the construction, material on site, employees; third parties, etc; Methods and Techniques for influence the planning process At the Design Stage Existing plans to be used to observe design problems and identify most suitable techniques and methods during the design stage. Site visit and inspection carry out at recently completed projects, similar to this project in order to get proper analysis to minimize the possible design risks. Separate design department such as Architectural, MEP, and Civil Works need set-up to reduce design errors and to minimize the time. At the Construction Stage Supply Ready-mix concrete from nearest place for control project time and cost overrun. Use slip-forming method for special constructions, swimming pool and water tank tower. Project duration can be controlled using pre-cast concrete slabs for car park basement floors, walls etc. Use of eco bricks for structural walls boundary walls. Also cement, soils stabilizer can be used for wall plastering. Programming, scheduling and controlling Pre-Contract Stage Planning to start tendering process carry out prior to finish all the required designs. Project Specifications and requirements to be submitted at early stage to the specialized contractors. Soil investigation reports need to be handed over to the design consultant at the planning stage. Tenders should call for Pilling contractors once completing the design of pilling. Planning to carry out Site preparation works by others (Demolitions, filling and cutting, removing vegetation soil etc.) Required temporary facilities need put-up at project site. Take necessary action for site security by fencing, lighting etc. and also putting up security post as required. Post-Contract Stage Prepare the construction programme as per the construction works sequence. Actual performance to be achieved being reviewed weekly and monthly. Design modifications should incorporate when and where arise at the project. Review construction Programme frequently, in order to control project milestones. Monitor sub contractors activities regularly to check whether activities are in accordance with agreed timescales. Cost Controlling Cost controlling system is a critical activity of the cost management process, to run the project without commercial backlog. (Refer to Chat 1.02) Chart 1.02 Cost controlling and cost management system Pre contract cost management Generally preliminary budget estimate is prepared based on the clients intended budget and also concerning separate trade packages. As well as Cost plan (elemental analysis), Cost check, Tender reconciliation process also important activities for the cost controlling under pre contract stage. Post contract cost management BCIS slandered form is followed (Elemental Standard Form of Cost Analysis Principles, Instructions, Elements and Definitions 4th Edition) to prepare elementary cost analysis method and gaudiness. Further detail herein for cost control, using S- curve methods; (Refer to Chart 1.03) Chart 1.03 Cost control S-Curve (Programmed) Referring to the above diagram; it shows expenditure and income occurred. This is being monitored regularly, to avoid the cost overrun. . Safety of Work Safety of work is very important at the site to avoid delays and disputes in construction. Hence all employees should educate about safety matters and should provide safety equipments, also should be maintain proper safety standers for the project success. Closing and Handover the Project Final inspection should carry out by the Construction Project Manager after completion of constructions of the project. He must re-check all approval for quality of work, testing and commissioning reports, scope verification etc. CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATION When study through the report its present this conclusion; any construction projects can be successfully completed by implementing construction management process in a proper way and also critical responsibility of the project mangers having, as examples; considerable effort to be taken to avoid or minimize the project overrun time; cost and quality within obtain comprehensive effort for site investigation and feasibility study as well as all parties that involved at the design stage have to be worked as a team and to be collaborated to finalize and fulfillment of project designs, managing risks in a proper way and using management techniques to mitigate cost over runes. REFERENCE/ BIBLIOGRHAPY The Top 10 Benefits of Project Management http://theconstructor.org/constrution/project-quality-management-in-construction/292/ http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/09_Construction_Planning.html#9.1 Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Plans WORD COUNT Word count 2127 Nos (Excludes Reference/ bibliography)

The Octopus - Review Essays -- essays research papers

At the turn of the century, American readers were interested only in stories with happy endings, where goodness was praised and evil was punished. They did not particularly care if that was a false interpretation of the way life really was. When men such as Frank Norris, the author of The Octopus, wrote angrily of the injustices and poverty to be found in America, readers turned away. The Octopus made them change their minds. The course of the novel and the reality of its characters held the readers’ attention. It is so powerful a book that people had to care about the wheat growers, almost against their wishes. The impact did not end in the early twentieth century, but continues its legacy into the new millenium.The Octopus, depicts the conflict between farmers and the railroad over land and power in California. The conflict between these two is revealed through the perspectives of several different groups, each viewing it their own way and offering differing ways to solve or overcome this problem. Norris uses this story as an example to show what he feels is the most important ethical dilemma of his time. The Pacific and South West railroad (P. and S.W.) was the cause of the crisis, and as the crisis built up, they saw it as an opportunity to make even more money off of the farmers. The company, in their selfish desire for wealth, continually cheated the farmers, first promising to sell them railroad land at a relatively low price, and then after the farmers greatly im... The Octopus - Review Essays -- essays research papers At the turn of the century, American readers were interested only in stories with happy endings, where goodness was praised and evil was punished. They did not particularly care if that was a false interpretation of the way life really was. When men such as Frank Norris, the author of The Octopus, wrote angrily of the injustices and poverty to be found in America, readers turned away. The Octopus made them change their minds. The course of the novel and the reality of its characters held the readers’ attention. It is so powerful a book that people had to care about the wheat growers, almost against their wishes. The impact did not end in the early twentieth century, but continues its legacy into the new millenium.The Octopus, depicts the conflict between farmers and the railroad over land and power in California. The conflict between these two is revealed through the perspectives of several different groups, each viewing it their own way and offering differing ways to solve or overcome this problem. Norris uses this story as an example to show what he feels is the most important ethical dilemma of his time. The Pacific and South West railroad (P. and S.W.) was the cause of the crisis, and as the crisis built up, they saw it as an opportunity to make even more money off of the farmers. The company, in their selfish desire for wealth, continually cheated the farmers, first promising to sell them railroad land at a relatively low price, and then after the farmers greatly im...

Comparing Christianity and Stoicism Essay -- Comparison Compare Contra

Introduction Over the course of human history every society, even the most culturally isolated of civilizations, has developed some form of faith-system for interpreting and understanding the spiritual and material worlds. Thousands of such systems have existed over the centuries, and as tribes and cultures expanded, these faith-systems inevitably met each other face-to-face and clashed. Two thousand years ago there was a particularly important collision; one between the Roman stoic and the gentile Christian. At this time in Western civilization, Christianity was just planting its seeds and beginning to grow, whereas stoicism was already legitimate in its foundation and strong in its following (Stavrianos 100). One might wonder how Christianity ultimately replaced stoicism as the prominent and official religion in Rome. There are a few particular political and historical events that tell us exactly when and how it happened, but the curious man is more concerned with the psychology behi nd the transition. In other words, why would men tend to prefer one over the other? Before one can explain this, it is necessary to understand fully the particulars of each system. In general, most faith systems can be understood in three parts: logic, physics, and ethics. There is a famous garden metaphor for understanding the relationship among the three. One should imagine a walled garden where inside there grows a single plant. This plant produces a fruit. Metaphorically, the wall symbolizes logic, the plant represents physics and the fruit symbolizes ethics. Accordingly, the wall of logic protects physics and ethics. Ethics is the fruit that results from studying physics, which is the cosmic order of things. Ethic... ...erer from sin while stoicism offered man an internal battle against himself. It should come as no surprise that Christianity prevailed. Works Cited    Alighieri, Dante. The Divine Comedy. Translation and Introduction by Mark Musa. New York: Penguin, 1995. Barker, Kenneth. The NIV Study Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1995. Clarke, M.L. The Roman Mind. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960. Metzger, Bruce M. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. 1993. Murray, Gilbert. Stoic, Christian and Humanist. London: C.A. Watts, 1940. Seneca, Lucius Annaeus. Letters From a Stoic. Translation and Introduction by Robin Campbell. New York: Penguin, 1969. Stavrianos, L.S. A Global History: From Prehistory to the Present. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988. Wenley, T.M. Stoicism and its Influences. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1963.

My Life Essay

Good morning to the honourable judges, wise time-keepers and contestants. First of all, I need you to relax, and reflect on what you have done the past months. Did any of your activity involve a random act of kindness? Like rescuing an injured cat, helping the homeless or even helping a stranger with his/her work. Yes, I’m going to talk on random act of kindness. We are living at a period of time in which where ever we look, people are always rushing in the hustle and bustle of city life to complete their daily chores. For some it maybe getting to work on time, preparing breakfast for the whole family or completing their homework. Inspite of all this hustle, we should spend a few seconds to observe around us, we could make a difference in a person’s life. Ladies and gentleman, observe around you, have you ever noticed the homeless children or animals around you? I agree time is gold but can’t you spare some time and approach them with a broad smile on your face. A simple smile is a universal language of friendliness and kindness. You can offer to buy them a drink, or provide shelter for them. According to Scott Adams, an Amerian cartoonist, there’s no such thing as a small act of kindness. Every act creates a ripple with no logical end. As I was browsing through the Internet, I read upon a few stories and there is one in particular which I would like to share with you . A man named Jay and his wife were in Mexico on a holiday.As they walked into a McDonald’s restaurant, they saw a woman begging at the door and she had with her a young boy who was about 3 years old and about 2 feet tall, very fine built with short black hair. His face looked dirty, not so much in an unkempt way, but more like a young boy who had been left to his own devices and his smile shone like none other they have ever seen. The more they watched him the more they were drawn to him. He was playing with a stick at the front step, and as people left McDonalds, he would flash a mischievous smile and hold his hand out for a Peso. You could tell he did not care if he got one or not, he was just trying to help his mum out who was doing the real begging. They became enraptured watching him.They wanted to give him a gift. lt was then that it occurred to them that McDonalds always has toys for kids! So they went and got him a McHappy meal. They handed to him the bag of food and the toys which he did not imagine he would ever have. He was so thrilled. He grabbed the bag and ran across the step to his mother, â€Å"Mama, Mama, Mama.† As they left McDonalds, tucked into the corner of the step with his mother beside him, was the beaming little boy with a pop between his legs, fries hanging out of his mouth and his new plastic treasure clamped in his left hand. With his right hand he waved furiously at them and then in perfect English said, â€Å"Thank you very much!†. This story is a clear example of how a random act of kindness can touch someone’s heart. Aesop quoted that â€Å" No act of kindness no matter how small is wasted†. So if you think doing a simple kind deed is nothing, think again because for the person who gained from you random act of kindness, is indeed truly grateful. There is also the strange phenomenon where a dog helped a kitten that fell into a small drain. The kitten was all wet, shivering and giving out sounds in agony. The dog picked the kitten up with its mouth and dragged it towards the sidepath. Then, it licked the kitten’s body a few times with its tounge to dry him and ran away. So, you see ladies and gentleman, even a dog knows how to be kind. Recently, I witnessed an incident where 7 stray dogs were trying to cross a fully packed road. At that moment, a man driving an old sedan switched on his hazard lights and stopped in the middle of the road in a way blocking traffic going both ways. The dogs then quickly crossed the road while wagging their tails. The man then went on as though nothing had happened. I was awestruck. If everyone were like him, the world would be a better place to live in. Besides, there is a lot of things that you can do which is categorised as random act of kindness. Like, sharing your lunch with the needy, stopping for a pedestrian to cross the street or doing chores at home that you normally don’t do. Think of your mum’s reaction when she finds out that you have done some chores. How surprised she will be! This is the least we can spontaneously do for someone who we love and cherish a lot. We obviously don’t know how long we would live. So why not, make a difference in someone’s life while we can. So from now on, when we look at someone, a beggar, a child, stray animals, let’s try to do something that will truly make them happy. The smile that we receive in return of the kind deed is priceless. Trust me! The moment you see the smile, you will truly know that it is worth it. In one of Kahlil Gibran’s quotes, a Lebanese born American philosopher had said that â€Å" Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair but manifestations of strength and resolution†. Do you know that, the Random Acts of Kindness Foundation is an organization set up to encourage people to carry out good deeds. People all over the world are experiencing the pleasure of having kind deeds done for them and they in turn reciprocate. These are countless ways for people to show acts of kindness. So, whether you buy a drink for the road sweeper, give a bowl of water to a stray dog, provide a shelter to a cat, or even as simple as helping your teacher to carry their stuffs to the staffroom, it is all categorised as random act of kindness. According to Charlie Chaplin â€Å" we think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness†. I truly hope that I have inspired each and every one of you to conduct a random act of kindness. Fit this into your busy daily routine and let’s contribute to building a better society. Thank you.

Externalities – Essay

An externalities Is â€Å"an external effect, often unforeseen or unintended, accompanying a process or activity†. In the time of the Industrial Revolution, externalities were not thought of at all. Particularly in the field of energy, the only cost considered was the cost of production. The detrimental effect of the dirty energy on the environment was not factored in and, until recently, has not been thought of at all. The cost paid for fuel at the pump basically includes two things: production cost and profit margin.There Is one huge cost that Is not factored In though which Is the money that It costs to support a falling environment. Energy Is probably the most prevalent case of negative externalities there is. Not just fossil fuels but also the second largest energy provider, nuclear power, has huge negative externalities attached. The recent events in Japan have shown how expensive these supposedly cheap energies can become. The damage done by the melt down of the nuclear reactor after the earth quake will undoubtedly cost the Japanese billions of dollars to repair. This is only part of the cost though.The money for medical care will result in large expenditures as well. Neither of these costs is as devastating as the loss of life caused by such accidents though. The death toll and lingering health effects on the inhabitants of the area should also be major factors considered in the cost of â€Å"cheap† energy. This Is not the first occurrence either. Coherency and Three Male Island demonstrate how these resources, however many safety regulations they have In place, can still suffer from catastrophic events. The difficulty encountered with this though is short sightedness among the consumer.They want cheaper prices at the gas pump, and don't realize that if there is an oil spill that their tax money is going to have to help clean it up, as well as the prices at the pump going up as the market compensates. So the reaction to disasters arguably levels out the cost of the Inexpensive fuels. For some reason it seems that there have been more cataclysmic events in recent years than the past. This cannot exactly be statistically proven but it is easy to infer. With the population expansion, the demand for energy will continue to rise.And without moving forward on cleaner energies, the inexpensive energy Industry will error the growth of the population. This paired with the possibility of more frequent natural disasters Is not good. The roll of negative externalities will grow and people will realize the implications once it is too late. It is time to start factoring externalities into the cost of energy. This will spur the growth of alternative energies and move towards a safer system. The idea that only the cost of production should be factored in to something as dangerous as nuclear power seems to De an I removed. AAA let over Trot e a e Tinny century, Ana need s to De

Marketing Plan and Marketing Strategy

Complete understanding of the marketplace and very careful planning are very important in developing a business strategy that will guarantee success. Successful businesses have certainly all stated with a very efficient and effective marketing plan. In running a business, marketing plays a very important role. The business owner must be knowledgeable with the business’ customers, with their competitors, their strengths and weaknesses. These elements along with others should be well-defined in order to develop a well-written marketing plan and should be carried out though effective marketing strategies. Marketing Plan and its Overall Purpose An excellent marketing plan will draw how the business can catch the attention and retain their customers, how it will content with identified competitors and the needed fund to achieve desirable results. The marketing plan should incorporate a thorough market research, location of the business, the targeted group of customers, competition, product or service to put in the market for sale and effective strategies for promotions and advertisements. A marketing plan assists the business to incorporate its total marketing effort. It makes sure of a logical and organized approach to products and services development in order to meet and satisfy the needs of the customers. (Paul, 2007) Conducting a market research is needed to start an effective marketing plan. Through market research, relevant data will be gathered in order to help the business to solve possible problems in marketing. Frequently, the most common way of conducting market research is though survey via direct mail, telephone survey or facilitating a focus group session. Derivative or secondary data is also important to a successful market plan. Studies and reports done by different sectors of the society, like the government, associations and other businesses within the industry can provide very significant data and statistics on the research area. Consumer behavior research as the scientific study of the processes consumers use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products and services that satisfy their needs is very important in market research. Consumer behavior unswervingly affects marketing strategy. This is because of the concept of marketing, the idea that firms are present to satisfy customer needs (Winer, 2000). In writing the marketing plan the business needs to be clear on its objectives and how they will achieve them. A good marketing plan makes realistic, measurable and very clear objectives, which includes deadlines, provides a budget and designates responsibilities. A marketing plan is comprised of an analysis of the current market of the business, the business’ objectives, the business’ key strategies, the business’ actions to attaining their objectives, their allocated budget and the effective timing of entering and positioning in the market Regardless of what type of market research a business will do, the focus should be on gathering sufficient information to find out who the potential customers are, if there is product or service demand for the business, if there are competitors in the scope of the business and how can the business be successful in the marketplace that they belong to. A comprehensive and a well-written marketing plan is very vital to all business undertakings because it illustrates how the business plan to attract and retain customers, how they will compete with their competitors, and what resources will they have available to attain the identified goals of the business. (Paul, 1997) Marketing Strategy and its Various Components In the present intense competition in the marketplace, a strategy that guarantees a coherent approach providing the business’ product or service in a way that it will outperform its competitors is very crucial. On the other hand, by defining the marketing strategy of the business, it is a must to have a well-written methodology for the everyday process of implementing it. There is little value to strategy when the business lacks the resources or the know-how in its implementation. The process of developing a marketing strategy involves the consideration of many factors. Out of those factors some are more important compared with the others. For the reason that each strategy must prioritize some distinct considerations, it is not rational to determine each important factor at a generic level. (Porter, 1998) In developing a marketing strategy, there are two major components, which are: How will the business address the competition in the market How will the business carry out and support their daily operations After selecting the direction which is the most ideal for the overall objectives of the business, the next step is to consider the following factors in order to select a strategy for the offering that will outsell in the market: (Porter, 1998) Pricing After determining the overall objective of the offering and selecting a generic strategy, the business should then decide on the range of closely associated operational strategies. One of these is how will the business price the offering. The pricing strategy is mostly influenced by the business’ necessity for net income and the objectives for stable market control. Promotion In order to sell an offering, the business should effectively promote and advertise it. Place of Distribution The business must choose the distribution channel and the method that will be utilized to get the offering into the close to the customer. Product/Service The business should be scrupulously familiar with the factors that launch products/services as strong contenders in the marketplace. Once the strategy is defined the must use the gathered information to determine whether this strategy will attain the objective of making the business competitive in the marketplace. Marketing Plan and a Marketing Strategy Fitting Together The marketing plan is how the business puts marketing strategy into practice. It is worth emphasizing the main points of the business’ strategy in the plan. The marketing plan functions as a detailed road map for the planning and supervision of all marketing undertakings for a given period. An effective marketing plan must be customized and it may be essential to change a range of sections to meet the changing needs of the business to which it applies. Effective marketing plans start by studying what is presently happening and what has happened in the past. It is unworkable to build up solid plans for the future if the present situation is misunderstood. The marketing plan can then be considered as the practical application of their marketing strategy. In effect, the business will not have a marketing plan without a marketing strategy. Then marketing strategies sets in by being delivered by the business’ detailed marketing plan. Conclusion Operating successful business is not an easy task; it involves a great deal of business knowledge. Marketing is simply all about letting people know about the product or service that a certain business offers, and influencing potential customers to buy or use it. And for effective marketing the business have to let people know about their product or service constantly and to do this, the business will to have to come up with both an appropriate and effective marketing strategy and a marketing plan. References: Paul, S. (2007). Why Need a Marketing Plan?, Legal Zoom Article Center. Porter, M. (1998). Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free Press. Winer, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Civil War †American Civil War Essay

The Civil War, which divided the Northern and Southern states in the bloodiest conflict in U.S. history, raged on when Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as President. Lincoln Knew that all the tragedy and casualties had to come to an end. When delivering his Second Inaugural Address, he chose to send a message of reconciliation and healing to both sides instead of focusing on politics, slavery, and state’s rights. Through the use of allusion, diction, and syntax Lincoln creates a common ground to unify the North and South. Lincoln uses allusion to justify the war and its purpose, which was to end slavery. In his speech, he alludes to the Bible, quoting, â€Å"Woe unto the world because of offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh,† to show that the war was caused by God’s wish and was inevitable. America as a whole had committed theâ€Å"offense† of slavery, not just the South but the North as well because they were involved at the beginning of the slave trade and did nothing to end it. Lincoln suggests that the tragedy wrought by the war was a divine punishment to America for possessing slaves to fulfill their greedy desires, saying that God may will that the war continue † until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword†, and that the war was America’s †woe due†, so both sides were to be blamed for their actions. He again alludes to the Bible, and says, â€Å"the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether† demonstrating that the meaning of the war was for the North and South to see the consequences of their failings, and to learn to become better people, and through that a better nation, calling for all Americans to â€Å"strive on to finish the work we are in, and to bind the nation’s wounds† alluding to a passage of the Book of Psalms, which states that God heals the broken hearted and wounded. Lincoln uses diction to create a unifying tone throughout his speech that will set the direction of the nation’s path of recovery. When he says, â€Å"let us strive on to finish the work we are into bind up the nation’s wounds,† and, â€Å"and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations,† he uses specific verbs such as â€Å"strive,† to encourage the nation to fight vigorously toward their goal of unity, â€Å"bind,† to establish a bond between both sides of the nation, and â€Å"cherish† to ask the people to care for one another, including for people on opposite sides, for everyone once belonged to the same great nation. This is so that the people will take notice of the actions that Abraham Lincoln wants the people to do, and remember the emphasized words clearly. Also throughout his speech, he uses the word â€Å"both† in quotes such as, â€Å"Both read the same Bible and prayed to the same God,â⠂¬  and, â€Å"He gives to both North and South this terrible war,† to address both the North and South’s similarities and involvement in starting the war. He wants to portray the two parties as equals, neither better nor superior in the eyes of their Almighty God, and both to blame in the war. Lincoln uses syntax to create a formal and ministerial tone in his speech to engage his religious audience. Lincoln asks the audience a rhetorical question, â€Å"He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him?† to make them think about God’s reasons for letting a bloody and terrible war divide them. The audience, who believe that God is an all-knowing and righteous God, will start to see that while they will never really understand God’s purposes, they can discern that the reason war came was to end a cruel and harsh treatment of slaves and that the war is a punishment to all those whose wealth and security came at the expense of brutal and inhumane cruelty. He then uses parallel structure to emphasize the reasons for why the war started. Lincoln states , â€Å"To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend [slavery] was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union, even by war,† to show why the South seceded from the United States. They wanted to spread slavery into newly acquired parts of the West, including New Mexico and Utah territories. But God, Lincoln said, decided that slavery would continue no more, and began the war to end it. He again uses parallel structure when he says, â€Å"With malice toward none, with charity for all† to summarize the actions that he wants his fellow countrymen to accomplish in order to heal and reunite the two sides of the nation. He wants the audience to remember these specific words so that they are reminded to strive toward their goal of unifying the states. Lincoln uses the combined power of religious allusion, syntax, and diction to show that both sides carry blame in the war through God’s justice, and use that as a bonding agent to recombine the United States so that they can â€Å"achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among [themselves] and with all nations.†